Famous Inventors Names Beginning With a B

Charles Babbage to Phil BrooksHenry Brown to Nolan Bushnell Charles Babbage English mathematician that invented a precursor to the computer. George H. Babcock Received a patent for the water tube steam boiler, a safer and more efficient boiler. John Backus The first high level computer programming language, Fortran was written by John Backus and IBM. See also - Story of Fortran, FORTRAN The Early Turning Point Leo Baekeland Leo Hendrik Baekeland patented a Method of Making Insoluble Products of Phenol and Formaldehyde. Research plastic history, uses for and the making of plastic, plastic in the fifties, and visit an online plastic museum. Alexander Bain We owe the development of the fax machine to Alexander Bain. John Logie Baird Remembered for the mechanical television (an earlier version of television) Baird also patented inventions related to radar and fiber optics. Robert Banks Robert Banks and fellow research chemist Paul Hogan invented a durable plastic called Marlex ®. Benjamin Banneker His inventive spirit would lead Banneker into publishing a Farmers Almanac. John Bardeen American physicist and electrical engineer John Bardeen was the co-inventor of the transistor an influential invention that changed the course of history for computers and electronics. Frà ©dà ©ric-Auguste Bartholdi - Statue of Liberty Earned U.S. Patent #11,023 for a Design for a Statue. Jean Bartik A profile of Jean Bartik the first ENIAC computer programmer also known as Elizabeth Jennings. Earl Bascom Earl Bascom invented and manufactured the rodeos first one-hand bareback rigging. Patricia Bath The first African American woman doctor to receive a patent for a medical invention. Alfred Beach Editor and co-owner of Scientific American, Beach was awarded patents for an improvement he made to typewriters, for a cable traction railway system, and for a pneumatic transit system for mail and passengers. Andrew Jackson Beard Received a patent for a railroad car coupler and a rotary engine. Arnold O. Beckman Invented an apparatus for testing acidity. George Bednorz In 1986, Alex Mà ¼ller and Johannes Georg Bednorz invented the first high-temperature superconductor. S. Joseph Begun Patented magnetic recording. Alexander Graham Bell Bell and the telephone -- the history of the telephone and cellular phone history. See also - Timeline of Alexander Graham Bell Vincent Bendix Automotive and aviation inventor and industrialist. Miriam E. Benjamin Ms. Benjamin was the second black woman to receive a patent. She received a patent for a Gong and Signal Chair for Hotels. Willard H. Bennett Invented the radio frequency mass spectrometer. Karl Benz On January 29, 1886, Karl Benz received his first patent for a crude gas-fueled car. Emile Berliner The history of the disk gramophone. See also - Emile Berliner Biography, Timeline, Photo Gallery Tim Berners-Lee Tim Berners-Lee was the man leading the development of the World Wide Web. Clifford Berry Determining who was first in the computer biz is not always as easy as ABC. Clifford Berry and the story behind the Atanasoff-Berry Computer. Henry Bessemer An English engineer who invented the first process for mass-producing steel inexpensively. Patricia Billings Invented a indestructible and fireproof building material--Geobond ®. Edward Binney Co-invented Crayola Crayons. Gerd Karl Binnig Co-invented the scanning tunneling microscope. Forrest M. Bird Invented the fluid control device; respirator and the pediatric ventilator. Clarence Birdseye Invented a method to make commercial frozen foods. Melville and Anna Bissell The dust kicked up in Melville and Anna Bissells crockery shop and inspired Melville Bissells invention of the carpet sweeper. Harold Stephen Black Invented the wave translation system that eliminates feedback distortion in telephone calls. Henry Blair The second black man issued a patent by the United States Patent Office. Lyman Reed Blake An American who invented a sewing machine for sewing the soles of shoes to the uppers. In 1858, he received a patent for his special sewing machine. Katherine Blodgett Invented the non-reflecting glass. Bessie Blount Physical therapist Bessie Blount worked with injured soldiers and her war service inspired her to patent a device that allowed amputees to feed themselves. See also - Bessie Blount - Drawing of Invention Baruch S. Blumberg Co-invented a vaccine against viral hepatitis and developed a test that identified hepatitis B in blood sample. David Bohm David Bohm was part of the group of scientists that invented the atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project. Niels Bohr Danish physicist Niels Bohr won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics in recognition of his work on the structure of atoms and quantum mechanics. Joseph-Armand Bombardier Bombardier developed in 1958 the type of sport machine that we know today as a snowmobile. Sarah Boone An improvement to the ironing board was invented by African American Sarah Boone on April 26, 1892. Eugene Bourdon In 1849, the Bourdon tube pressure gauge was patented by Eugene Bourdon. Robert Bower Invented a device that provided semiconductors with more speed. Herbert Boyer Considered the founding father of genetic engineering. Otis Boykin Invented an improved Electrical Resistor used in computers, radios, television sets, and a variety of electronic devices. Louis Braille Invented braille printing. Joseph Bramah A pioneer in the machine tool industry. Dr. Jacques Edwin Brandenberger Cellophane was invented in 1908 by Brandenberger, a Swiss textile engineer, who came up with the idea for a clear and protective, packaging film. Walter H. Brattain Walter Brattain co-invented the transistor, an influential little invention that changed the course of history for computers and electronics in a big way. Karl Braun Electronic television is based on the development of the cathode ray tube that is the picture tube found in modern television sets. German scientist, Karl Braun invented the cathode ray tube oscilloscope (CRT) in 1897. Allen Breed Patented the first successful car air bag. Charles Brooks C. B. Brooks invented an improved street sweeper truck. Phil Brooks Patented an improved Disposable Syringe. Charles Babbage to Phil BrooksHenry Brown to Nolan Bushnell Henry Brown Rachel Fuller Brown John Moses Browning Robert G Bryant Robert Bunsen Luther Burbank Joseph H. Burckhalter William Seward Burroughs Nolan Bushnell Try Searching By Invention Continue Alphabetically: Famous Inventors with C Starting Surnames

The Shaping Of The Constitution - 1129 Words

Shaping of the constitution In the initial years of the United States a meeting of delegates appointed by the several states met for the sole purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation. The result of this meeting was the creation of the U.S. Constitution that would soon become the ultimate directive for both Federal and State Governments. Since its birth it has been revised, amended, and ratified in order to solidify the allocation of power between the separate branches of government. Although this may be the case, distribution of the powers has been disputed ever since the formation of the Constitution. These political, legal, and quasi-legal constitutional disputes triggered civil unrest and led to explicit acts of opposition†¦show more content†¦but it also extends beyond federal protections. In the Texas Constitution it talks about information that just deals with Texas alone, that the U.S. Constitution doesn t have. For one, it talks about Education. Explaining how it shall be the duty of t he Legislature of the state to establish and make suitable provisions for the support and maintenance of an efficient system of public free schools. The Texas Constitution also includes information about corporations, municipal and private. rights for individuals and states, ruled by the people {Americans], and supremacy of the national government. The Constitution pays a massive role in court decisions both in the federal and state cases. If the State Supreme Court cannot come to a decision on a case, the case will be turned over to the Supreme Court who has the final authority in interpreting the meaning of the Constitution in any case. The courts also have the power of judicial review—to declare a law unconstitutional. Due to the decision. Rise of the Supreme Court and the federal government Established in 1789, the Supreme Court was created to interpret the meaning of the Constitution and to use that interpretation to declare any actions of the Legislative or Executive Branches unconstitutional. However, the Supreme Court was capable of also acquiring more functions as evidence of the landmark case ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Shaping of the U.S. Constitution2037 Words   |  9 PagesConfederation. The result of this meeting was the creation of the U.S. Constitution that would soon become the ultimate directive for both Federal and State Governments. Since its birth it has been revised, amended, and ratified in order to solidify the allocation of power between the separate branches of government. Although this may be the case, distribution of the powers has been disputed ever since the formation of the Constitution. These political, legal, and quasi-legal constitutional disputes triggeredRead MoreEssay On Shaping A Federal Union991 Words   |  4 PagesShaping A Federal Union† Essay The blood, tears, and sweat that came over the land of a nation during its attempt for independence from Britain during the American Revolutionary War, was just the beginning of a long struggle in shaping The United States of America. The Confederation Government faced a critical period having the task of constructing the first set of laws to govern the newborn nation. Congress’ responsibility of drafting the first set of laws included the rejection of European notionRead MoreUs Constitution Essay1164 Words   |  5 Pages Living off the British before, the U.S. now had to start making â€Å"independent† decisions as an â€Å"independent† nation. The United States of America suffered from political, economic, and diplomatic crises throughout the 1780s shaping provisions of the United States Constitution. 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The difference between the two groups has been very apparent for the hundreds of years they cohabitedRead MoreThe Founders Of The American Nation Understood The Idea1254 Words   |  6 Pagesas being the tool of protecting the citizen s liberty through such means as controlling the powers of the federal as well as state governments. Despite the founding fathers idea of federalism hundreds of years ago, federalism plays a crucial in shaping the contemporary structure and organization of the government as evidenced in the Texas government. The American founders strived at creating a federalist government for various reasons including preventing tyranny in future as well as increasingRead MoreWhat Is Our Safeguard Against Corruption Performed By Federal Officeholders?1422 Words   |  6 Pagesis our safeguard against corruption performed by federal officeholders? It is impeachment. 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George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, Benedict Arnold, and General Henry â€Å"Hap† Arnold were all freemasons, a brotherhood of manRead MoreThe Necessary And Proper Clause Gave Congress844 Words   |  4 Pagespowers to Congress that were implied in the Constitution. Necessary means required or essential to. Necessary required congress to execute the powers that were granted in the constitution. John Marshall the Chief Justice wrote his opinion to the court stated that the constitution gave congress all the power to make all the laws. In Marbury v. Madison in 1803, Marshall overturned an act of congress for the first time that conflicted with the constitution. It was a daring step for a politically vulnerableRead MoreCriminal Procedure Policy Paper1457 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the friction between order and liberty, Herbert Packer studied the competing values that underlie the constitutional order through the Due Process Model and Crime Control model. Both of these models have similarities as well as differences on shaping criminal procedure policy. Herbert Packer states, â€Å"One is not â€Å"good† and the other â€Å"bad†; both models embrace constitutional values that are necessary to the kind of society in which we wish to live† (Zalman, 2008, p. 5). Both models compare inRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States903 Words   |  4 Pagesruling country. In 1787 the Constitution of the United States of America was created. Though it may appear to be not difficult to clarify the development of the US constitution, the procedure through which its shaping was fulfilled is a long way from simple to clarify. Prior to the Constitution, the Articles of Confederation governed the states, yet immediately nullified in light of the fact that they were excessively powerless. â€Å"The ratification of the national constitution was the founders’ political

Mind sports Essay Example For Students

Mind sports Essay It seems almost like an oxymoron to combine the words mind and sport especially when the sport under consideration is chess. It is difficult to picture the game as a sport when the most physical activity it seems to require is moving the pieces across the board. Recently, though, the Olympic committee voted chess legal for competition in The Games. This acknowledgment of chess as a sport by such a high council requires us to rethink our view of chess and athletics. Although chess does not appear to require as much activity as most recognizable sports, it does require as much, if not more, preparation and time. A study done at Temple University found that chess drains energy at a rate that compares to football. Some of the best chess players in history regarded athletic training as an essential part of success in the game. Both Bobby Fischer and Garry Kasparov lifted weights. They used other physical conditioning techniques as well, not necessarily for their health, but because of the amount of stamina the game requires at high levels of competition. It is not uncommon for a professional player to lose 10 to 15 pounds during the course of a match. Matches can last as long as a month, with one game every day, eight hours each. Over 120 countries officially consider chess a sport. The Unites States is not one of them. That may be because we seem to have a very narrow-minded view of what exactly a sport is. Ask any random person if chess should be considered a sport, and the most likely response will be hysterical laughter, yet more people play chess competitively than any other game in the world, and more books have been published on chess than any other subject. Most of those players and authors firmly believe that chess is harder to be good at than any other game or sport. The thought of chess as a sport probably just never occurred to most people. Playing in a chess tournament is akin to taking a test that has not been studied for but that will decide something important, except that chess also has the added problem of time. Imagine taking that test with a time limit, like the SATs for example, but that the clock that is keeping the time gives off a faint ticking sound. In a large room that is completely silent the only thing audible will be that noise, it is extremely nerve-racking for any inexperienced tournament player. It has also been known to drive some professionals to the brink of madness.Most people who do not consider chess a sport either dont play, or are just unaware of the facts. It is not easy to understand just how difficult the game really is if tournament play has never been experienced. To many people chess will never be considered a sport, but even if they did, it would most likely not change the commonly held view of chess players, that of nerds and outcasts with nothing better to do.

Introduction to Management AGL Energy and Lendlease Group

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to Managementfor AGL Energy and Lendlease Group. Answer: Introduction The report compares and contrasts between two companies in relation to its vision or mission statement, its value, Corporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Sustainability. The comparison is made in between AGL Energy (ASX: AGL) and Lendlease Group. It provides deep contrast in the value mechanism and describes the procedure in which the company carry out its obligation. The report highlights the necessity of creating a contrast in approaches followed by both the companies. It is important to analyse the changes in terms of vision and mission statement. Every organization has its own way of organizing business activities. The mission and vision statement of the companies are aligned as per their goals. It is essential to define how far the companies are able to accustom themselves according to their mission statement. The report compares and contrasts between the two companies and provides readers a view through SMART analysis (Crowther and Aras, 2008; Benn, Dunphy and Griffith s, 2014). Company Overview Lendlease Company The company was founded in Sydney in 1958 by Dutch immigrant and innovator Dick Dusseldorp. It was formed out as a vision to generate a company that combines the authority of financing, investment. Lendlease has provided employment to approximate 12,000 employees internationally. They allow innovative and integrated solutions to their clients by creating value chain (About us. 2017). AGL Company The Australian Gas Limited is one of Australia's leading integrated energy companies. It is the largest ASX listed owner, operator and developer of renewable energy in the country. The company generates electricity from the power station by utilizing thermal, natural and wind power. It started operating in the year 1837 and made a claim in 2014 that it has more than 3.8 million business customers. They have made a larger investment in the supply of gas and electricity (Who We Are. 2017). Vision of Leaselend in Comparison with AGL Energy The vision of the company is to closely work with clients and investors In Australian, Asia, USA and Europe to create a unique place for them. Their strategy is to create a strong legacy by inspiring lives of people around the globe. They are providing efficacy by delivering safety and innovative solutions by providing long-term sustainability (Belz and Peattie, 2009). Whereas, AGL have four central promises that help them in making effective residential and business customers: They are more focused on delivering quality service The primary focus is to provide value for money They understand the needs of the customers and try to meet them by matching standard They are equally viable to meet the queries of the customers AGL is responsibly taking efforts to reduce the effects of greenhouse gases. They are ensuring that the material used by them is not causing any harm to the environment. The environment is given keen interest by ensuring implementation of operations. The purpose of the company is to set high standards and creating accountability. They are committed to achieve excellent target by managing performance. They are committed towards matching the operating portfolio. They allow their customers (Bell and Morse, 2008) Strategies of Leaselend in comparison with AGL Energy The purpose of Lendlease is to become a leading international property and infrastructure group in the market. Their strategy is to take advantage of strong position and a changing market scenario by evolving newer strategies. The strategic framework is called as Focus and Grow that ensures efficient strategic framework. The company is following principles that are based on ensuring safety, sustainability, diversity inclusion and Customer focus. These principles form to be the core value of the organization. Distinctly, AGL is committed by providing essential services to the community. It identifies the importance of the community by providing them with a safer solution. They have committed themselves by improving the way they work, they have targeted for providing valuable support to the vulnerable customers (Our Commitments.2017). They are however making sure to provide. They understand the value of diversity at work and make sure that it supports the organization interest (How We Source Energy. 2017). Sustainability and CSR of Leaselend in comparison with AGL Energy For the company sustainability is regarding places for people in order to meet future needs. The government and communities situated globally are seeking trust in partners who has enhanced the urban areas in an effective manner. Leaselend is giving importance to social, economic and environmental portfolio. Sustainability is considered to be their central part of business strategy. The purpose is to create sustainable values to manage the risk and creating values for customers (Nidumolu, Prahalad, and Rangaswami, 2009). They have created an effective global environment by shaping the future through rapid urbanization and answering to climatic change and inequalities. The sustainable objectives guaranteed by the company reside in the heart of the employees. They understand the important of environment in meeting the goals beyond expectation. This is an important practice in doing the business target. In order to become a leading example for the rest of the companies Lendlease is condu cting sustainability reporting. This helps them to measure and report the performance in order to improve projects and to create a benchmark for the communities (SUSTAINABILITY. 2017). Contrasting, Sustainability at AGL means the responsibility towards the interest of stakeholders. In addition to the economic performance the company is taking effective measures to meet the social responsibilities. The organization has to take effective steps in order to meet the targets. The sustainability is one of the important concepts that have to be enforced in the organization. Environmental sustainability is given importance by monitoring the effective guidelines in order to improve the overall productivity (Sustainability. 2017). SMART Analysis (Contrast comparison) Specific Leaselend has created a strong legacy by inspiring lives of people around the globe. They are providing efficacy by delivering safety and innovative solutions by providing long-term sustainability. On the other hand AGL is responsibly taking efforts to reduce the effects of greenhouse gases. They are ensuring that the material used by them is not causing any harm to the environment As per the analysis both the companies are working for providing efficient solutions to the customers but in terms of environment feasibility it is seen that AGL is giving more importance to the environmental sustainability. Measurable The amount of work done by the company in terms of sustainability is providing efficacy by delivering safety and innovative solutions by providing long-term sustainability. The Only measurable tool at Leaselend is that the customers are highly satisfied with their performance. On the other hand AGL has an obligation towards the government authority. It is measured in the terms of efficient result provided through the sustainability reporting. Achievable They have eventually achieved the target by meeting the expectation of the customers. They understand the important of environment in meeting the goals beyond expectation. This is an important practice in doing the business target. Leaselend has attained distinguished target and continued to be the first choice in the energy generation. On the other hand AGL has targeted itself to reduce the greenhouse gases emission. This has helped the company to claim a reputable name in the whole world. Realistic The goals set by Leaselend are realistic in nature. They are more dedicated in creating only those goals that can be achieved in an easy manner. It is a well established fact that the vision of the company is to to closely work with clients and investors In Australian, Asia, USA and Europe to create a unique place for them. These goals are realistic in nature and provide employees with measurable objectives. On the other hand AGL has committed itself towards attaining four pivotal promises. However they are more into the process of modeling the current structure regarding emission of greenhouse gases. Timely The purpose Of Leaselend is to attain sustainable objectives by measuring and reporting the performance in order to improve projects and to create a benchmark for the company. Timely targets are laid down before the organization. Employees have to adhere to the goals in order to meet the targets. It is however essential to meet the desired targets by meeting the results within the permit time. On the other hand AGL has decided to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases within the pre-requisite limits. They have created a gradual portfolio by decarburization of our generation portfolio by 2050. Conclusion To conclude it is essential to understand the importance of adhering to the mission and vision statement. The purpose of both the company is to provide sustainable solutions to the problems. The report incorporates all the essentials regarding the sustainability reporting and its importance. It creates a valuable comparison in between both the companies in order to understand the difference in approach. Both the organization has its own way of organizing business activities. The mission and vision statement of the companies are aligned as per their goals. The report helps in generating difference in the approach of both the companies on the parameter of SMART Analysis. This will help in understanding the proper situation. References About us. 2017. Online. Available at: https://www.lendlease.com/au/company/about-us/ Accessed Bell, S. and Morse, S., 2008.Sustainability indicators: measuring the immeasurable?. Earthscan. Belz, F.M. and Peattie, K., 2009.Sustainability marketing: A global perspective. Chichester: Wiley. Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014.Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Crowther, D. and Aras, G., 2008.Corporate social responsibility. Bookboon. How We Source Energy. 2017. Online. Available at: https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/how-we-source-energy Accessed On: 15April 2017 Nidumolu, R., Prahalad, C.K. and Rangaswami, M.R., 2009. Why sustainability is now the key driver of innovation.Harvard business review,87(9), pp.56-64. On: 15April 2017 Our Commitments.2017. Online. Available at: https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/what-we-stand-for/our-commitments Accessed on: 15April 2017 SUSTAINABILITY. 2017. Online. Available at: https://www.lendlease.com/au/company/sustainability/ Accessed on: 15April 2017 Sustainability. 2017. Online. Available at: https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/what-we-stand-for/sustainability Accessed On: 15April 2017 Who we are. 2017. Online. Available at: https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/what-we-stand-for/our-commitments Accessed on: 15April 2017

027 Cataclysm by Various Artists free essay sample

So looks like the Monstercat story continues as Monstercat is being abducted by other cat aliens. Meanwhile we have more 30 more songs to go through. With those, we have some new artists like slushii, Unlike Pluto, Marshmello and Aruna and some returning artists like Hyper Potions, Direct, Rich Edwards, Protostar and Rameses B. In this album we have 5 drum n bass songs, four trap songs, two future bass songs, 3 dubstep songs, 3 indie dance songs, 6 house songs, 1 drumstep song, 1 hard dance song, 5 electronic songs and 1 electro song. So in this album we have some weird genres done by some of these artists and Pegboard Nerds and Krewella come back with a dubstep song, well its been a few years so lets celebrate. Noisestorm, and Protostar have a DnB song and Stonebank has a trap song. Hyper Potions makes a dream a dream collab with the electro artist Nitro Fun and makes a tropical house song with that as well. We will write a custom essay sample on 027 Cataclysm by Various Artists or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Melano makes a really weird form of drumstep and Unlike Plutos debut can rival Stephen Walking in weirdology. Also Muzzy, Hush and Mr. Fijiwiji release new EPs, Muzzy being my favorite. The two mixes here are Trials and Tribulations. My favorites of this mix are Marshmello-Alone, Slushii-Emptiness, Pegboard Nerds NGHTMRE-Superstar, Muzzy-Children of Hell, Slips n Slurs MIKAH!-Wifi Tears and Protostar-No Turning Back. It seems a little bit better than 026 for sure but the songs in 026 seem alot more memorable in my eyes, then again, Ive listened to most of these songs only once and it was just released as of now. There is definitely some more experimenting when compared to the last one though, it reminds me of five albums ago, 022, there was alot going on there and unlike this one, all the colors were used at least once, including some lesser done genres like Hard Dance and Trance.

Anti Death Penalty essays

Anti Death Penalty essays I. Roosevelt Collins, a black man in Alabama, was convicted of rape, sentenced to death, and executed in 1937. Roosevelt testified that the victim who was white had consented to sex, which caused a near-riot in the courtroom. The all-white jury deliberated for only FOUR minutes. Later interviews with several jurors revealed that although they believed the act was consensual, they also thought that he deserved death simply for messin around with a white woman. Even the judge, off the record, admitted his belief that Roosevelt was telling the truth, QUOTE: An innocent man went to his death. Horace Dunkins was executed on July 17, 1989. His attorney never told the jury he was mentally retarded, with an IQ estimated at 65. When newspapers reported this several years later, one juror told the press she would not have voted for the death penalty had she known of his retardation. The accomplice to this crime was given a life sentence. II. Everyone has their own opinion of the Death Penalty. The problem is, most United States citizens do not have the facts. As long as the death penalty is a form of punishment, we all should be aware of this information...the correct information, and not just what crime the Dead Man Walking committed. III. Myself, Chandra, Steve, and Geoff have done extensive research on the subject of corporal punishment and will discuss those findings with you today. IV. The Death Penalty is a costly, immoral, and imperfect form of punishment. Before Americans chant Death for a moral wrong, we should make sure that we are right. V. Today we will discuss some of the problems with the death penalty, solutions and alternatives to it, and even give you a glimpse into how our future America will be if we continue this immoral deterrent. Chandra will share with us three of the major problems with the death penalty. Steve will discuss some soluti...

Reflection scenario based essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Reflection scenario based - Essay Example Abuse does not only include physical or verbal abuse. They are of different types and can occur at home, hospital wards, at work or in nursing homes (Age UK, 2013). The term neglect means not getting appropriate services, facilities, treatment and stuff which make you feel comfortable and safe (Tidy, 2013). Older adults are people above the age of 65 referring to the retirement age ( Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 2010). They are frail and dependent and are at great risk of getting abused. This paper will discuss how older adults in the acute mental ward are safeguarded and which issues are mostly faced depending upon the particular scenarios. In acute adult wards safeguarding patients of old age is a very challenging task. While safeguarding patients the health care providers encounter several issues. As, in the old age people become very weak a slight physical harm may result into bruises or fractures so they need to be handled with extreme care. For the older adults suffering from mental disabilities, it is very difficult to make them understand about anything. They are almost unable to protect themselves or even participate in safeguarding therefore the responsibilities on the care providers become much higher. Older adults with mental illnesses cannot take care of their financial problems in particular because of lack of understanding and their mental incapacity. The adult ward nurses and staff have to manage their financial issues which sometimes also involve lawyers and police. Handling all these problems is more specific with older adults with mental incapacity. Being older adults the vulnerability to get abused increases, but if it is associated with mental illness the threshold of abuse becomes maximum and therefore, the problems in safeguarding also get intensified. In short, the major issues are lack of understanding due to

U.S. housing market-boom or bust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

U.S. housing market-boom or bust - Essay Example The US housing market, once on its boom has witnessed a sharp decline in recent time which in effect has contributed to credit crunch for banks, pressure on currency or value of dollar in US, falling stock market, job cuts and global economic slowdown.But such was not the situation a few years back when the US housing market was at a BOOM.Looking back at the period of boom for the housing market in US we see that the interest rates were low according to the policies of Alan Greenspan, chairman Federal Reserve. In addition to prime loans, a lot of banks gave sub-primes loans to a great number of people. As the sub-prime loans increased, more people invested in property, bought houses to live in or rented them out. This was the time when the property prices were increasing. As the property prices increased, the value of the mortgage also increased, hence this lead to more borrowing and more sub-prime loans while the prices of property continued to increase.All that was happening till n ow was happening for good. But then the housing market took a different direction. The prices of property which was steeply increasing started to look more stable or flatter. This induced speculative buying and attracted a lot of sellers to the market. As the number of sellers increased due to speculation, the prices started to come down. This had a spiral effect and further decreased the prices with more people on the selling side. As the prices reduced, the value of mortgages also decreased often coming to a point lower than the loan provided. With buyers unable to pay back and value of mortgages lowered, the number of defaulters increased. With increased defaulters, the banks also came to the markets to sell the property against which the loans were taken. With more buyers, the sharp decline in housing markets was further ignited bringing the housing market of United States from a boom -to a bust. "Housing sales and prices in 2007 were much weaker than in 2006. The US housing industry in 2007 is in the deepest decline in 16 years." (Victor Sula, 2007) Some people blame the government and the policies for such a meltdown of the housing industry. They think the policies were not right to begin with and now nothing can be done to fix the damage already done. Also they blame the policies for the increased gap between the rich and the poor. This was not the end of the story. The decline of the housing market had further repercussions. With the housing market crashing, the credit worthiness of banks decreased. Increased number of defaulters meant more bad debts. This caused the decline of the stock market which of course affected other sectors as well. Investment was the main target. With the stock market in the home country in not such a good shape, investors started taking their investment outside the United States and foreign investment into United States also declined. This had an immediate effect on the value of dollar. This creates a problem with two solutions but both solutions present a loss to Americans. On the one hand, investors can be attracted by increased interest rates but housing market will go down faster. With lower rates investment will be lower. Also another factor with respect to investment that is taking place is that investors with the lowering price of dollar are investing in commodities like oil and petrol which in their view are safe and as a result the oil prices further increase. "Foreign investment is drying up and the world is no longer eager to purchase America's lavish debt. The only thing the Federal Reserve can do is raise interest rates to attract foreign capital or let the dollar fall in value. (Mike Whitney, 2007) Another effect was felt on the job market. With banks facing a credit crunch, there were a lot of job cuts putting a lot of people on the streets and curtailing their purchasing power. Job cuts were also taking place from other sectors such as automobile which contributed to the slowing down of economy and the houses now are selling much

Art, Self & Knowledge - Aesthetics Book Review and Thought Essay

Art, Self & Knowledge - Aesthetics Book Review and Thought - Essay Example Being able to make sense of these basic ideologies in art, one is then able to understand the role of art in changing how one experiences the world. Artwork incorporates the above stated elements, without the basic interaction and incorporation of them; the experience of art would be different and non-sensible. This essay endeavors to breakdown the elements of artwork experience to understand and make sense of artwork from the general perspective. The first issue that is incorporated is understanding the basic idea of what exemplarization is and the premises it is rooted. Exemplarization is the use of exemplar representation to stand in for a class of objects. The basic ideology is exemplarizarion is that when one engages in artwork, there is usually some information that he requires reception, this, by whoever the artwork is directed (Keith 2). To achieve this, the artist has to incorporate the use of exemplar elements of a group of object to enable the person who beholds the work to understand that the exemplar used stands for the intended group of objects. Isenberg’s theory contrasts the ideology of using examples to gauge the perception of the people who behold the art to the other ideology. His ideology known as exemplification entails taking a course of critical discourse in o rder to understand the art form in display. As one beholds the art of any form, from his own perception he creates an understanding of what information the artist is trying to relay. In the process of perception, content is created. This is to mean that the content of art as was originally intended by the artist might slightly or majorly change, according to how one perceives it. This ideology could be relayed proper form of understanding when looking at such a popular painting as the Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci. The Mona Lisa portrait was associated with

A Report On Sky Diving

A Report On Sky Diving Sky Diving A New Era of Indian Adventure Skydiving is a very old and most popular sport. It is a diversion from the normal parachuting which was discovered some centuries ago. Basically sky diving is an adventure sport wherein the diver jumps from an aircraft from at least an altitude 1500 m. The participants experience a free fall and they even do different stunts in the air before they release their parachutes and are safely on the ground.   Sky diving requires average levels of fitness. If you are in doubt you can ask for medical clearance before setting out for this journey. The best things about sky diving is the advantage you have due to such high altitude. You do not feel any sort of motion sickness like you would experience if you were in a roller coaster ride. It is the closest experience humans can have to flying. Most popular Sky diving destinations in the world Today skydiving is a dear activity the world over. For some of the best sky diving experiences you will have to travel the corners of the world. Nevertheless here is a list of few places which give you that complete experience that you are looking for. The first destination is Guam which is one of the several pacific islands. The place is commendable for its coast to coast view and blue skies. The views of the islands are fantastic and incomparable. Next on the list of the best sites is the Swiss Alps. Being a few thousand meters high above the ground and surrounded by white snow everywhere, decked up in a warm winter jacket and jumping of an airplane to float in the air above the Alps is an unforgettable experience.   In summers the views get even lovelier with the glaciers melting and the summer sun peeking fro between the mountains.   So far the best sites are still owned by the country of kiwis-Australia and its neighbor New Zealand. They are an adventure lovers haven.   And why not, if you have aerial view of the Great Barrier Reef and the vast rainforests in the east or the profiles of Queensland or Mission beach in the west, Sky Diving in India Skydiving in India began way back in 1994 when Agni Aviation promoted sky diving as a recreational activity. At that time people were clueless about aero-sports in India. The first sky diving was carried out in Jakkur near Bangalore on a 900 meter tarred airstrip.   Ever since Sky diving has started at many other location in India. If we speak of sky diving and do not talk about Rachael Thomas then the discussions is incomplete. Rachael is the first and the only civilian sky diver of India. Her journey as a sky diver began in the year 1979 after she signed up for sky diving lessons with a French woman.   Since then she has had a record of more than 700 jumps in all. It has been more than 25 years now and she has won several accolades for her stints. She is the winner of Padma Shri for having a successful sky diving career of more than 25 years. She is also the first Indian to receive a national Adventure Award in 1994 which is an equivalent of Arjuna Award. She is doing her best to promote sky diving culture in India. She has also started Women Sky Divers of India league which promotes sky diving among women. This institute is on its way to turns it visions of being the first skydiving civilian school of India into reality.

Assimilationism vs. Multiculturalism Essay example -- Assimilationism

Assimilationism vs. Multiculturalism In the words of Thomas Bray, "Should we "assimilate" to one standard, or should we "celebrate" diversity?" This is a popular question in America's classrooms today. America, known as the melting pot, is made up of many different colors, races, religions, and beliefs. American professors, journalists, and authors would like to know if multiculturalism has a positive effect on children in today's classrooms. Whether or not the student's way of life and personal experiences should be discussed in class is a major issue. Maxine Hairston, a Professor of Rhetoric and Composition at the University of Texas at Austin, writes of her experience with teaching in a multicultural classroom. Hairston is a strong supporter of children writing on their background, culture, and way of life. She feels that this enhances the classroom's atmosphere. Maxine Hairston writes, "Gradually their truths will change, but so will ours because in such a classroom one continually learns from one's students." Living in a particular way all one's life can cause views and opinions on certain subjects, but when put into a classroom with other students, it decenters one's ideas. Hairston wants the classroom to be designed around the students. She states, "These students bring with them a kaleidoscope of experiences, values, dialects, and cultural backgrounds that we want to respond to positively and productively, using every resource we can to help them adapt to the academic world and become active participants in it." Hairston wa nts students of every race, color, religion, and belief to learn about writing while learning about others. Thomas Bray, a Detroit News Columnist, writes an editorial on the California sch... ...guistics, and is a successful author. Looking at three different perspectives of multiculturalism I see how important it is to welcome new ideas and people into my world. Although, like most things in life there must be a line drawn somewhere. If sharing your personal experiences, ideas, and beliefs makes you uncomfortable then by no means should you be punished for it within a classroom. Every person has a right to learn no matter what their race, religion, gender, or belief. And for that our national meting pot should keep on melting together to form an educated nation. Works Cited Bray, Thomas. "Memorial Day and Multiculturalism." Detroit News 24 May 1998. Hairston, Maxine. "Diversity, Idealogy, and Teaching Writing." College Composition and Communication 43.2 (May 1992): 179-195. Tan, Amy. "Mother Tongue." Three Penny Review. 1990.

Argument Essay Random Drug Testing

ARGUMENT ESSAY RANDOM DRUG TESTING Drug abuse has always been a very delicate question as it always it deals with the health, well-being and even lives of human beings belonging to any country. Many people have argued that mandatory drug testing is a violation of their civil rights guaranteed by the Constitution. The Fourth Amendment grants you the right against unreasonable searches and seizures, otherwise known as a person's right to privacy.However, employers have the right to know whether or not the people working under them are stable to do their jobs. Indeed, for safety of all the humans randomly drug testing is the best way to maintain the quality of the employees. Legalizing drug testing has provoked quite an upheaval. Advocates claim that employers have every right to expect their workers to be sober on the job, especially when safety and security are on the line.Although, those who oppose random drug testing, argue that testing positive may not necessarily mean that the emp loyee was intoxicated while working that all it proves is that they likely put a buzz on, someplace, sometime. So they all mean that randomly drug testing may interfere the employee`s personal life which is not really necessary to maintain his/her job safely. By the way ,this kind of un trustful behavior may damage the relationship between the employers and employees. However, drug addiction is a very complex illness that many people do not become aware of until it is too late.All people have different reasons for doing drugs that have this illness, but all of them have many things in common including: unreliability – a very common characteristic when diagnosed with a drug addiction problem, and depression – a state that degrades a person's state of life and causes a loss of interest in everything they do(Wilson). By the way, teenagers are out of high school over 80 percent of them have experimented with drugs and alcohol. When they move on past graduation and into the unsupervised years of college this shocking statistic even goes up.If it is so easy for minors to obtain illegal substances, a working adult has an even greater opportunity to acquire them. Countless people could be using drugs and alcohol on a regular basis that no one would even know about. Not more than one month goes by before you hear about some teenager dying in a car accident because of alcohol and his parents being shocked, or about neighbors that were stunned by a murder that happened in their neighborhood by a man who seemed to be just like everyone else. The truth is nobody can really know what someone is doing behind closed doors, and it could end up hurting someone else.Drug misuse is associated with domestic violence, increased involvement with crime and police and decline in work quality. Obviously these characteristics would not even make a close to feasible argument as to why a person like that would be a candidate for any job(Terry). Because no person in their rig ht state of mind would describe themselves in that manner during an interview, a simple drug test would show that information without anyone being hurt. It may vary depends on the situation because of that being prejudice about this topic may be conclude with the fire of your innocent and hard worker employee.Drug abuse is getting increase day by day and it brings many concerns for parents ,employers and school directors. Because of all the responsibility of the safety is on the leaders shoulders, we should accept all the things that they have been doing for the maintenance of safety. In this point of view, as it is not ethically true randomly drug testing may abused. Additionally, it may prevent the future danger possibilities which may cause the bankruptcy of the company(Danny, p. 53). Because of all these dangers a little bit of prevention would be ignored.Some people may reject these kind of checkups but they would logically accept because people may abuse things if they have ch ance. Finally, as an employer you have a responsibility to oversee the people that work for you and you are accountable for their actions on the job. Ethically, randomly drug testing may interfere the employees personal life it is essential to make it for the safety of the job. Because of the drug abuse is widely distributed and has many side effects on people`s daily life , employers have rights to check up their employees.It is only logical that they have the right to know whether or not their employees are capable of doing something that could hurt their company or the people who use their services, or whether they just wouldn't be productive enough to produce an acceptable quality of work. Sometimes we can do things which we do not prefer but because of the importance of situations may forced ourselves to do them. Work Cited Danny, Michael. Drug Warriors. London: London press,2009. Terry, Steve. Employments Drug. New York: Macmillan,2007. Wilson, John. Against To The Drug Addict ion. Los Angeles: Penguin,2005.

Free Essays on Early Christianity

What do we learn about the life and structure of the church from the evidence of the first two centuries? Defining the term ‘church’ as it was used by the early Christians is a useful way of exploring their lives and community organisation. The early Christians saw the term ‘church’ as â€Å"the designation for the individual community in a particular place† (Brox). This designation shows the importance placed upon the community by the Christians. There was also considerable independence of communities in that they required nothing outside of themselves to nurture their belief. However this did not mean that the different communities lived in complete isolation, in fact the term ‘church’ was also used for all the communities in a region and throughout the world. Thus because of the independence of local churches they tended to develop along different lines with different traditions, festivals etc. These differences were widely accepted and were usually explained in terms of apostolic authority. As an apostle had founded their community in his particular style and because he shared the same basic ideals of the other apostles so did individual communities share the same basic ideals. These actions showed that the church valued belief and faith over the nitty- gritty details of worship. The unity of the church can be demonstrated by the exchange of correspondence between the communities. These letters circulated the main concerns of the church at the time usually to give advice or reprimand a church. The messengers delivering letters were always of the church and were given hospitality. This encouraged further communication between the different churches and also established norms of which churches or certain individuals within the church were accepted and which were excommunicated for various reasons. The churches also gave hospitality to itinerant preachers who had gone forth to spread the word. The presence of itinerant p... Free Essays on Early Christianity Free Essays on Early Christianity What do we learn about the life and structure of the church from the evidence of the first two centuries? Defining the term ‘church’ as it was used by the early Christians is a useful way of exploring their lives and community organisation. The early Christians saw the term ‘church’ as â€Å"the designation for the individual community in a particular place† (Brox). This designation shows the importance placed upon the community by the Christians. There was also considerable independence of communities in that they required nothing outside of themselves to nurture their belief. However this did not mean that the different communities lived in complete isolation, in fact the term ‘church’ was also used for all the communities in a region and throughout the world. Thus because of the independence of local churches they tended to develop along different lines with different traditions, festivals etc. These differences were widely accepted and were usually explained in terms of apostolic authority. As an apostle had founded their community in his particular style and because he shared the same basic ideals of the other apostles so did individual communities share the same basic ideals. These actions showed that the church valued belief and faith over the nitty- gritty details of worship. The unity of the church can be demonstrated by the exchange of correspondence between the communities. These letters circulated the main concerns of the church at the time usually to give advice or reprimand a church. The messengers delivering letters were always of the church and were given hospitality. This encouraged further communication between the different churches and also established norms of which churches or certain individuals within the church were accepted and which were excommunicated for various reasons. The churches also gave hospitality to itinerant preachers who had gone forth to spread the word. The presence of itinerant p...

Online Tools to Analyze Your Writing

Online Tools to Analyze Your Writing It may be hard to imagine, but there was a time when a student simply typed a paper, handed it in, and hoped for the best. Today, you have a wealth of online writing tools at your fingertips. You can get assistance in everything from getting started to doing final checks. Even if you arent a natural-born writer, youll be able to turn in flawless work every time. Just check out these tools, and see what they can do for you. Hemingway (hemingwayapp.com) Hemingway is a general writing app that lets you import a Word doc or paste in text. From there, you can, count words, assess readability, check grammar and spelling, format text, and add HTML and Markdown tags to create Web-friendly content. Color-coding makes Hemingway attractive, simple, and fun to use. This app is so affordable that its almost silly not to have it, whether youre a student or a professional. Grammarly (grammarly.com) You havent lived until youve been let down by Words built-in spelling and grammar check features. Grammarly is an old standby among writing-enhancement platforms. With Grammarly, you can find grammatical mistakes, correct spelling, check your work for plagiarism, and get word-replacement suggestions. Use this app to supplement Word, and youll never have to turn in another paper littered with embarrassing mistakes. I Write Like (iwl.me) This tool is more of an entertaining nature. Just paste a passage from your essay or blog, or even a comment from social media, and the tool will analyze your writing style and word choice and compare them with those of well-known writers. For more accurate results try to paste large amounts of text. BibMe (bibme.org) Writing a paper is one thing; adding your citations is another. Many students find the former task to be far easier than the latter. Luckily, you dont have to read that massive style guide cover-to-cover in order to add your footnotes or endnotes correctly. BibMe is set up to generate your citations automatically in the appropriate format, whether you need to follow APA, Chicago, MLA, or another style. Youll still need your style guide for other reasons, but BibMe makes those pesky notes a lot less painless, and you can get them done far more quickly. Clichà © Finder (cliche.theinfo.org) If youre relatively young and not an avid reader, you may not know a lot of clichà ©s in the first place. But if youve spent a lot of time listening to your grandparents- or to politicians- you may have subconsciously picked up such banal phrases and made them part of your own verbal repertoire. Once youve gotten into the habit of spouting out clichà ©s, its hard to recognize your own misdoings. Never fear; simply paste your work into Clichà © Finder and click the magic button. All of your trite adages will be highlighted, so you can pluck them out and find fresher ways to say what you mean. Readability–Score.com (readability-score.com) As we mentioned, some of the apps above assess the reading level of your writing in addition to performing a number of other helpful tasks for you. However, if you generally feel confident about writing on your own, you may prefer the simpler Readability ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œScore.com. Just paste in your text, and the program assigns an average reading level, based on several different formulas. Its a quick and easy way to make sure your college paper sounds like it was written by a college student. MindMup (mindmup.com) If you have trouble getting your thoughts together before you write, turn to MindMup. This mind-mapping tool is a great way to put all of your ideas in one place. From there, you can figure out how to proceed with your paper. MindMup is an especially helpful organizing method for people who dont do well with the traditional linear outlining method. Dont put off that paper until the last minute. And whatever you do, dont resort to paying somebody to write it for you. Its a huge offense that brings you no benefit, because you learn nothing and risk everything. Use all the free and low-cost resources available to you, and youll be churning out top-notch papers in no time.

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 101

Discussion - Assignment Example In the fast case, it is least expected that a religious leader, in this case a priest, would engage in disgraced acts that contravene their faith and calling. As such, the article is a glaring evidence of faith betrayal in our religion. In this, the faithful expects their leaders to uphold the highest degree of morality. Priests and other men of the cloth hold titles of honor and respect but they end up deceiving the flock. Furthermore, the article has implicate top church officials, including Bishop John B. McCormack, in systematic abuse of power and cover ups. The article has struck me most as I have realized that not even in the custody of our priests that the girl child is safe. In addition, the article has exposed the rot that is being swept under the carpet in parishes and other religious places. As such, a serious call should be made to the priesthood so as they live by their calling so that they can restore the confidence and faith that faithful had on

The advantages and disadvantages of Tilling as a technique in plant Essay

The advantages and disadvantages of Tilling as a technique in plant breeding - Essay Example It is a technology that used in molecular biology to directly identify mutations in genes. These technologies have their advantages that make them suitable for adoption and use by human life as well as disadvantages that make them a hazard to human life. This paper, therefore, seeks to establish the advantages and disadvantages of TILLING in plant breeding. TILLING is a molecular biology procedure that uses chemicals and x-rays to bring about undirected point mutations in a plant genome. This is usually the first step in the process. The second step involves an analysis of DNA which aids in the selection of plants that have a mutation that contains the desired gene (Schmidt et al 2011). The method combines a standard and an equally effective technique of mutagenesis with the use of a chemical mutagen such as Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) that contains a sensitive DNA screening method to which identifies point mutations in a target gene. This process of plant breeding may include mutation effects that may include gene deactivation and sub sequent reverse crossing with other varieties. This results with a plant that has the desirable mutation such as an amylase free potato. Some biotechnology critics such as Greenpeace have done ‘acceptance’ tests on TILLING method and have cited a large difference in genetic engineering. Some of the advantages of this biological process are; This means that the process can be applied on virtually every organism. This is because it entails modifying the molecular unit of heredity in a living organism. Therefore, plants can grow with a certain desired characteristic. This can be used to fight hunger by increasing food production. Another great advantage of TILLING in plant breeding is that the method its adaptability to high throughput genotyping. This is because it allows choosing appropriate technology for the intended goals and stage of an experiment. The method allows for the independence of the

The Invisible Man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Invisible Man - Essay Example Bledsoe, a Black just like him, who he trusted fooled him, giving him falls hopes to which he has dedicated his life: â€Å"To Whom It May Concern: Keep This Nigger-Boy Running (33). Yet it is in his disillusionment that he begins to confront the lies he naively accepted, driving him to search and carve for his own name. He then worked against the system, he once believed. But again, he is betrayed. He begins to understand the opposing social forces that drive him to invisibility. So he receded from all these, living underground in a â€Å"hole in the basement† (7). He begins then to understand what is meant for an invisible man, like him, become visible. Yet with all these conflicting experiences, he is not still sure how to fathom his grandfather’s parting words to his father: â€Å"Live with your head in the lion’s mouth. I want you to overcome ‘em with yeses, undermine ‘em with grins, agree ‘em to death...† (14). Does it mean, remain invisible to become visible? Or does it mean to become what you are (become visible) whatever it takes? There are many possibilities.

International Students in America Essay Example for Free

International Students in America Essay Did you know that there were over six hundred and twenty thousand international students in the United States of America’s universities and colleges for the academic year 2007/08? This according to the Open Doors report by the Institute of International Education was a seven percent increase. According to the Mr. Goli Ameri, the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs, the increase in enrolment was an indication that USA is still the premier destination for foreign students. â€Å"U.S. higher education is unparalleled in its vitality, quality, and diversity. The U.S. government joins the U.S. higher education community in a commitment to welcome international students to the United States† (Gardner and Witherell, par. 1) He stated that he had graduated in the United States as an international student and thus was in a better position to testify that â€Å"America’s universities not only accept and welcome international students warmly, but transform their lives (Gardner and Witherell par. 1). The United States department of state has expanded support to advice on US education by setting up centers around the world in order to help students gain access to American education. The number of the international students in the United States is double that of the United Kingdom (the second host). It was reported in the year 2007 that the international students in USA contributed about thirteen billion US dollars to the its economy through their living expenses and tuition charges (Ford p. 1) This research paper seeks to show the reasons why the United States of America is the most preferred destination for the international students. Statistics of the international students in USA According to the Open Doors 2008 report, India is the leading country that sends students to the United States with the figure increasing to ninety four thousand, five hundred and sixty three. The second sender was listed as China with eighty one thousand, one hundred and twenty one students in US. Those from South Korea took the third spot with sixty nine thousand, one hundred and twenty four students (which was an eleven percent increase). Though it showed a four percent slight drop, Japan was fought with thirty three thousand, nine hundred and seventy four students in US. Canada took the fifth spot with twenty nine thousand and fifty one students. Other countries with students in the United States are as follows: Taiwan 29,001 and Mexico, 14,837 (this was a seven percent increase). Saudi Arabian students in the United Stated increased to nine thousand eight hundred and seventy three, this being attributed to the scholarships that are being offered by their government in a program that was launched in 2005. The greatest increase (45%) was by students from Vietnamese students with eight thousand seven hundred and sixty nine students. Other international students in the United States universities and colleges came from Indonesia, 7692; Nigeria, 6,222 and Kenya with 5,838 students (which was an eight percent drop) (Gardner and Witherell par. 1-10). From the statistics above, it is clear that Asia accounted for the sixty one percent of all international students. Philippines recorded a twelve percent increase; Singapore, seven percent; Mongolia, thirteen percent; Hong Kong, seven percent. However the following Asian nations recorded a decline in the number of students they sent to US: Pakistan, one percent and Bangladesh, four percent. Others with the same trends include Israel, Palestinian Authority, Yemen and Lebanon (Gardner and Witherell par. 1-10). According to the same report, US Universities that had the highest number of international students, University of Southern California lead the pack with seven thousand one hundred and eighty nine of students. Other leading Universities included : New York University, 6404; Columbia University, 6297; University of Illinois, 5933; Purdue University (main campus), 5772; University of Michigan, 5748; University of Texas, 5550; Harvard University, 4948 and Boston University with 4789 international students in US (Gardner and Witherell). Reasons why USA is a preferred destination for International Students One may be keen to ask the question of why the nation has led other nations of the world such as Britain, Germany and France in enrolling international students. The United States has been reported to have a great wealth of initiatives and policies meant to lure international students into its educational system such as policies that include specific visa and work requirements. This is despite the drop in enrolment that was caused by the September 11 terrorist bombings of the United States. This is in contrast to the small number of students that the nation sends to the other nations. According to the statistics, only about forty five thousand American students study abroad, majority of them being in the United Kingdom and Canada (Cremonini et al, par.1). To maintain the lead in maintaining the number of foreign students who study in USA, the government and the higher education office has intensified its promotional efforts. They have done this by opening several centers in different countries that serve different regions of the world and reducing the Visa regulatory rules for the students (Cremonini ET all, par. Cremonini refers to the United States as the academic powerhouse meaning that it is academically attractive. He states that the attraction can be associated with civilization attraction which is a social contract pattern or a flow of people; a situation that explains why researchers and students tend to travel to countries and centers that are recognized and attractive. A zone civilization attraction is sometimes referred to as a zone of prestige. Academic attraction is also related to other concepts used to study higher education mobility. The concepts posit that many of the educational possibilities are in specific places of the world and that become the most popular destinations for international students (Cremonini ET all, par. 6).   Ann White, the director of China-Hong for the Institute of International Education stated that the United States is the preferred destination for the Hong Kong students because they associate US degrees with quality and prestige. She added that students from Hong Kong are drawn to lifelong rewards and values of study in the United States of America (Institute of International Education p.2). The other reason why for those students to prefer the US Universities and colleges is because they are in a better position to access information about higher education that is accurate and comprehensive as compared to other countries. There is an EducationUSA office in Hong Kong providing the needed information in addition to the increased level of activities by Universities and colleges from the USA to attract these students. The IIE often organize the annual US Higher Education Fair in Hong Kong and it was reported that in the year 2008, it attracted twenty five percent more attendees when compared with the previous year (Institute of International Education p. 2). The government has established a website with extensive databases of grants, scholarships and fellowships that are organized by Institute of International Education. The president and Chief Executive officer of IIE stated that the increased number of the international students in the US is as a result of the actions that are taken by the US government plus the Colleges and Universities to make sure that those students understand that they are welcome and that that their contribution to cultural and the environment is highly appreciated (Institute of International Education p. 2). The USA Department of State online newsletter has in it the reasons as to why US education is preferred. One is that U.S. colleges and universities are known to have resources, faculty and facilities of high quality. To maintain the standards on these institutions, accreditation systems are used. Secondly, the education system in US features several types of academic and social environments, institutions, degree programs, entry requirements, and subjects from where students can specialize. Thirdly, degrees in US have a wide range of tuition fees and living costs, in addition to the financial help that some colleges offer, this resulting into affordable education for many students. Finally, the Universities and colleges in the United States are flexible in offering courses that one can even study in one college for two years and then move to another for the next two years (Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs). Several Universities in US have come up with academic and social programs for the international students. The support program may be based on identifying the students at risk, analyzing their languages and cross- cultural needs, research their academic performance, assist in finding accommodation, monitoring their income and providing the exit support so that the students can be prepared to enter global labour markets. This is helpful as USA continues to compete for international students with other nations (Clendenin, par. 2-5). Conclusion From the research, it is clear that the United States of America is the largest destination for the international Students. However, this has not been achieved easily but through policies and activities by the government to attract many students to the nation. However, it is also clear that the nation is facing stiff competition from other nations such as Britain and Germany. With such programs that have been initiated to maintain the number of students, US will continue leading in this area.

Gender Inequality in Hollywood Essay -- stereotypes, media, gender ine

Stereotypes in our society are not uncommon. We come across them every day without realizing it. It is in our human nature to create expectations of the people around us, which could be based upon their ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender or other factors. Stereotypes help us categorize a vast group of people that we may not know anything about, to think that they are smaller and less intimidating. I believe that the blame for these cookie-cutter patterns can lead directly back to the media in every sense of the word. Media is all around us, and affects our opinions and ability to think for ourselves. Whether it’s the latest box office hit or the headlining news, we are getting assumptions from every point of view, which makes it hard to form our own. But I personally think that the biggest influence of our time are in the cinematic arts. Movies have been a huge part of the American culture since the motion pictures were first invented. Since the late eighteenth century, families have been going to the movie theater to spend quality time together. But as the action packed western thrillers soon turned to risque dramas, the idea of Hollywood made filmed changed drastically. In the early nineteen fifties, when televisions were becoming quite popular in the average American home, it was considered provocative to broadcast a married couple sitting in bed together. But today it would be considered a G rated program if it didn’t at least imply sexeul interests. This topic can be traced back to the stereotypes of Hollywood’s employees and how they influence us today. From Actors to Actresses or even just the director’s assistant, everybody in Hollywood has an expectation from someone else. When people think about the q... ... a child's life than motherhood. The interpretation is up to the audience, and sexist or not there still hints in the story by common belief of Hollywood critics. Both these movies, although vastly different, are examples of implied male dominance. A term more commonly referred to is gender inequality, which sounds more staid but at the same time is also taken more seriously. Works Cited Castillo, Monica. "You Can Win an Oscar, but You Can't Win Respect." B Media. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2012. Gianoulus, Tina. St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. Vol. 4. Detroit [u.a.: St. James, 2000. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. "Roundtable: Five Casting Directors on Crazy Auditions and Industry Sexism." The Hollywood Reporter. THR Staff, n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2013. "Film Facts." WMM | RESOURCES | FILM FACTS. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2013.

Gender Equality and Environmental Sustainability in Uganda’s Water Sector

GENDER EQUALITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN UGANDA’S WATER SECTOR. By Nandala Mike([email  protected] com) 1. 0INTRODUCTION 1. 1Essence of Gender, Gender Equality and the Environment Gender refers to the different roles, rights and responsibilities of men and women and the relationships between them, their qualities, behaviours, and identities which are determined through the process of socialisation to define their relationships with each other and with their environment.Gender equality on the other hand is a principle that equates men and women before and under the law; men and women have equal dignity (worthiness); and have equal opportunities in economic, political, cultural and social life. It is upon this background that the relationships and rights enjoyed by men and women foster decision making and activities that in turn have been affected in both the management and sustainability of the environment. It has been observed that there is an undesirable imbalanc e that has existed between men and women resulting in inadequate performance of the letter of their roles.Often this has slowed down development initiatives leading to adverse effects on the environment. 1. 2 Significancy of Water in Social and Economic Development Water is a key strategic resource, vital for sustaining life, promoting development and maintaining the environment. Access to clean and safe water and improved sanitation facilities and practices are pre-requisites to a health/population and therefore have a direct impact on the quality of life and productivity of the population.Besides domestic water supply, water is also vital for: Livestock Water Supply, Industrial Water Supply, Hydropower generation, Agriculture, Marine Transport, Fisheries, Waste Discharge, Tourism, and Environmental Conservation. Water, therefore, significantly contributes to the national socio-economic development and also poverty eradication (UNWD, 2005) Water is thus an integral part of the natu ral resources protected under the Uganda Constitution. 1. 3Government Committement.Over the last two decades, government has committed itself to the implementation of public sector reforms meant to ensure sustainable development, through legislative and policy frameworks anchored on three key policies, namely: Decentralisation, Privatisation and Divestiture; and the Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP), These were intended to reduce the burden of the nation’s concern for income generating resources and practices. The PEAP was prepared in 1997 in a move to eradicate poverty as an overall national planning framework.It has since been revised through 2007/8 and based on five pillars, namely; (1) Economic management; (2) Enhancing production, competitiveness and incomes; (3) Security, conflict-resolution and disaster management; (4) Good governance and (5) Human development (PEAP 2004/5-2007/8) Water and sanitation are some of the central elements under pillar one intended to i mprove the quality of life of the poor through human development. The second pillar points out a strategy to foster production, incomes and competitiveness through water consumption and production.It also addresses actions to empower and strengthen women’s gender awareness and furthermore points out inadequacies aimed at capacity building in the application of skills, limited choice in the decisions about the nature of services received and needed by women, less efforts in community gender awareness campaigns, weaknesses among decision makers including support in supervision and monitoring thus leading to reasons for low gender responsiveness in the water sector. Which way forward?With this background, this Article addresses key policy and legal frame works in the water sector, gender and environmental impact assessment of water resources which have been developed and supported by various laws, sector performance, integration of gender into environment and sustainable develop ment, issues of particular concern, and recommendations. 2. 0Policy, Legal and Institutional Frameworks 2. 1Policy The policy objectives of the Government of Uganda for the Water and Sanitation sector are at two levels: first, the domestic consumption and secondly, water for production.At the domestic level, the objective is to provide sustainable safe water and hygienic sanitation facilities, within easy reach, based on management responsibility and ownership by users, to 77% of the population in rural areas and 100% in urban areas by year 2015. Concerning water for production, the aim is to promote development of water supply for agricultural production in order to modernise agriculture and mitigate effects of climatic variations on rain fed agriculture (MWLE, 1999).In essence, the overall policy objective is to manage and develop the water resources of Uganda in an integrated and sustainable manner, so as to secure and provide adequate quantity and quality of water for all social and economic needs of the present and future generations. The Government aims at full participation of all stakeholders with an 80-90% target for effective use and functionality of facilities. Other policy measures have also been put in place by the Environment and Natural Resources Sector Working Group which commissioned a study on the use of economic instruments for environmental management.Curbing water pollution was a key implementation factor for environmental sustainability. In 1998, the government introduced a water waste discharge fee ranging from 0 to 13 million Ugandan shillings ($0 to $7,000) in proportion to the biological oxygen demand load. The fees were meant to encourage investment in less polluting technologies. The legislation required that companies register for discharge permits before dumping industrial waste water. 2. 2Legal FrameworkThe major Instruments relevant to the Water Sector that provide the enabling legal framework for the water resources management and development in Uganda include: the Constitution, which provides the broad legal and policy framework within which all water sector legislation, policies and development plans are developed; the National Environment Act,(1995), it provides the framework for coordinated and sound management of the environment including environmental impact assessment of water resources related projects and setting water quality and effluent standards; the Local Government Act, which provides for the decentralisation of functions, powers, responsibilities and services to Local Governments; Uganda Water Action Plan (1995); the Water Resources Regulations and Waste Water Discharge Regulations (1998), providing for the regulation of water abstraction and waste water discharge through the use of permits; the National Water Policy (1999), indicating the policy framework for water resources management and development in Uganda. Other related legal policies include the National Gender Policy (1997) ; Plan for Modernisation of Agriculture (PMA) and ; Water and Sanitation Gender Strategy (2003-2008). The policies and legal framework outlined above, are forward-looking in intention, for socio-economic, development strategies of the Government of Uganda and have supported various reforms in the water sector which has enabled government, to put in good order and rationalise the country’s resource utilisation. The question is, are these policies fully implemented? What is the implementation stand at local government and community levels?There are challenges regarding definition of roles and responsibilities, capacity and coordination of men and women, as well as collaboration for improved performance especially at government and community levels (MWLE, 2005). There is also need to review some provisions of the laws to incorporate regulatory functions and allow equal participation of men and women, in the water sector. (1)Institutional and Implementation Framework The water sector i s structured at three distinct levels namely: (a) the national, (b) decentralised or local government level and (c) the micro or user level. (a)National level At the national level, a Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment (MWLE) was created in 1996 following Government restructuring of line Ministries.This institution is charged with overall responsibility for initiating national policies and setting national standards and priorities for water development and management. Two national institutions are under this Ministry: The National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) and Directorate of Water Development (DWD). At implementation level, the Water and Sanitation Sector Working Group (WSSWG) which is under the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE) provides policy and technical guidance for sector development in the country; approves all sector programmes, including work-plans and budgets. The sector comprises representatives from ; Development Partners and Non-Governmental Orga nisations and Government.The National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC), was established in 1972 with responsibility to deliver water supply and sewerage services in 15 urban centres serving 2. 1 million people. These centres are Entebbe, Kampala, Jinja /Njeru, Mbale, Tororo, Soroti, Gulu, Lira, Arua, Masaka, Mbarara, Fort Portal, Kasese, Bushenyi/Ishaka and Kabale. The Directorate of Water Development is the leading water sector agency responsible for policy guidance, setting standards, co-ordinating and monitoring, sector reporting, and undertaking sector relevant research and development. DWD is also responsible for managing water resources including provision of oversight and support services to the local governments and other water supply service providers. DWD, 1991-2001 ) Other national level institutions that play important roles in the Water and Sanitation sector include Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MFPED), responsible for the mobilisation and allocation of financial resources including co-ordination of donor inputs and the privatization process; Ministry of Health (MOH), for promotion of hygiene and household sanitation; Ministry of Education and Sports(MoE), charged with promotion of sanitation and hygiene education in schools; Ministry of Agriculture, Animal industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), responsible for planning, coordination and implementation of all agriculture development in the country including irrigation development, aquaculture, and livestock development ; Ministry of Gender and Social Development, which addresses gender responsive development and community mobilisation; and NGOs working in the sector. (b)District level The District and Local Government levels as a whole, are responsible for the provision and management of water and sanitation services in rural areas and urban areas outside the jurisdiction of NWSC, in liaison with DWD. Their functions, responsibilities and powers differ according to the degr ee of decentralization so far implemented for both rural and urban water. Planning, implementation and operational management of water and sanitation activities in major towns remain the function of NWSC. However, of 143 small towns with a population of 1. million, 66 have been gazette as water supply areas, 61 of these have operational piped water supplies and schemes, of which 57 are managed by private sector water operators. Planning and implementation for water supply systems in small towns is still centralized at national level (MWLE 2005). Operation and maintenance is decentralised to the urban authorities and private operators through public-private partnership arrangements. The district water offices operate within the overall framework of the district local councils. The district offices are staffed with a multi- skilled team, in planning, hygiene education and social aspects. The district water team reports to the Works and Technical/Services sub-committees of their respec tive local governments.At county level, technical officers have been posted to facilitate planning and supervision of construction works and overseeing maintenance of installed supplies. The communities are responsible for demanding for, planning, operating and maintaining water and sanitation facilities. (c)The Micro or User level At sub-county level, planning, implementation and operation and maintenance of the rural water and sanitation facilities are organised. These communities are also obliged to pay for urban water and sanitation services provided by NWSC and other service providers. Development of low-cost technology options such as springs, shallow wells, rainwater-harvesting tanks and school latrines are undertaken.The district water office and national level technical teams support the sub-counties to carry out water resources assessment to identify potential areas for water development and sanitation services. The sub-counties assess the demand for water and sanitation s ervices by the communities. This is based on population size and location and functionality of the existing facilities. At community level, the citizens are supposed to participate in the planning, financing, implementation, monitoring and control of community water and sanitation development. Communities submit requests/applications to the sub county for support towards water improvements. These are then forwarded to the district However, the level of community participation is less than the partnership, which it is meant to be.Women who are majority users of Water resources constitute only a handful of people, dominated by men in accessing and managing these resources. The initial programme design and implementation under many previous projects does not fully address gender equity participation. 3. 0Integration of gender into Environment and sustainable development in the water sector In order to avert the rapid degradation of the environment, Uganda developed a National Environme nt Action Plan (NEAP), 1995, that adapted a gender approach in planning the long-term investment of managing the natural resources in the country. The NEAP makes a strong commitment to addressing environment problems and to sustainable development in a comprehensive manner.The plan also argues for participatory approaches to environmental planning and the integration of gender analysis. The Uganda National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) is charged with formulating national environment policies and providing guidance in the implementation, including environment impact assessment, and environment education and training in environment management. The main purpose of incorporating gender in the environment management policies was to enable men and women perform their duties in the best cost effective methods which will conserve the environment, accelerate sustainable development that would improve people’s way of living.To achieve the above objectives there was need to f ormulate activities, which would contribute to the integrated promotion of sustainable livelihoods and environmental protection, covering various sectoral interventions involving a range of actors, from decentralised or local government level to lower levels, that are essential at every stage especially at the grassroots levels in the rural areas with special emphasis on the disadvantaged groups like women and youths. 4. 0ISSUES OF PARTICULAR CONCERN 4. 1Equitable access to water supply Access to safe drinking water is a basic human right and essential for achieving gender equality and sustainable development. Most households, especially at community levels do not have adequate access to water and the children and especially women, walk long distances to fetch water for domestic use.Water near the home contribute significant improvements in nutrition and health. The carrying of water over long distances is a health hazard. During daily water collection, women and girls face the risk of rape and injuries from attacks. A major issue associated with poor water supply and sanitation is a case with the Internally Displaced Persons(IDPs) camps, in Northern Uganda which involves high risks of sexual violence and abuses committed primarily against women and girls, a danger often caused by insufficient water supply and sanitation facilities within the camps which prompt movements to get water from far areas and at homes poor hygienic conditions.Over crowding, poor water pressure and broken water pumps accelerate the crisis (Diane Paul, 2006) Access to fresh water and sanitation therefore, does not only improve the health of a family, but it also provides an opportunity for girls to go to school, and for women to use their time more productively than in fetching water. Women in most cases are primarily responsible for the use and management of water resources, sanitation and health at the household level. Over the years, women have accumulated an impressive store of env ironmental wisdom, being the ones to find water, to educate children in hygiene matters and to understand the impact of poor sanitation on health and the environment.Very often the decision about location of water sources, types of water sources, and who will maintain the operation of the facilities are made without consulting women resulting in no-one taking responsibility. Men, who mainly dominate the operations and maintenance of facilities in the water sector often do not fully implement decisions and actions thus the need to involve more women. 4. 2Equitable access to land rights and water for productive use Equitable access to water for productive use empowers women and addresses the root causes of gender inequality. Lack of access (ownership) to land, is seen as an underlying cause of women’s limited access to water.In Uganda, women technically have little control and ownership on land under customary law in many of the Uganda ethnic societies statutory (national) law, there is, however, no discrimination. According to MFPED (2006), women own only 7% of the registered land in Uganda, a situation which affects gender mainstreaming in the Water sector, as women lack control over resources and therefore have limited decision making over issues like the silting of water sources, maintenance of broken pumps/taps/damaged bore holes/ water tanks and use of water for production. Land ownership is a precondition for access to water. Thus, land reforms that allocated legal land tenure to the heads of households or permanent agricultural workers (who are generally male) resulted in women losing any legal claim to water.There is need of water for a range of small scale economic enterprises, like: home gardens in peri-urban areas ; growing fruits; poultry farming; preparing food, (which are some times overlooked in agricultural statistics). Overall, the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) reports an increasing â€Å"feminisation of agriculture† due to wars, pandemics and the exodus of men seeking paid work in urban areas. Also mentioned is the fact that women are heads of an increasing number of rural households in the developing world and find themselves in the position of managing farm land and providing for their families alone, without legal rights to water and land. 4. 3Equity and Participation in the management of resources in the water sector The management of water resources has been mainly male dominated.Men occupy a bigger portion in careers and training in water management than do women. Social barriers tend to restrict women’s participation in public consultations that can influence policies on water at all levels of water management. This prevents women voices from being effectively heard, particularly with respect to their environmental concerns and also results to limited effectiveness of water, sanitation and hygiene promotion efforts . Usually it is men who make the decisions over water management and sanitation issues and yet it is women who are usually in greater need for sanitation privacy and responsible for water, sanitation and hygiene.It is worth noting that the process of formulating the Water and Sanitation Sub-Sector Strategy (2010/11-2014/15), which began in 2003-2008 (Water Sector Gender Strategy-WSGS,WSGS ), served as the first strategic framework for implementing Uganda’s National Gender Strategy within the powers of the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE). The WSGS I was developed in response to the various international commitments made by the Government of Uganda regarding gender equality and the National Gender Policy (1997). The strategy was aimed at developing and empowering approaches that would enhance gender equity, participation and access to and control of resources in the water sector.The strategy further put emphasis on both internal and external gender mainstreaming including building capacity for gender planning, monitoring and evaluation; strengthening the capacities of partners and executing bodies for mainstreaming; and committing adequate resources for gender related activities. This is an outstanding move with good intentions of formulating gender equity and participation but unless the Ministry of Water and Environment comprehensively and consistently puts focus on gender concerns, gender mainstreaming in the water sector will not penetrate deeply into matters of policy and legislation. 4. 4Issues on Sanitation Sanitation refers to the drainage and disposal of sewage. The need to dispose human excreta appropriately is an environmental and social concern in the country. Ignoring it posses adverse impacts on environment cost and on health.Lack of sanitation and poor hygiene are responsible for the transmission of diseases such as cholera, typhoid and other parasitic infections. These diseases have a big negative impact on the health and nutrition of communities especially the children. A focus on gender difference s is of particular importance with regard to sanitation facilities which needs the attention of women to play crucial roles in influencing the hygiene behaviours of children, and men too can serve as role models in sustaining changes in disposal habits. Hence the success and effective use of water and sanitation facilities largely depend on the involvement of both women and men in selecting the location and technology of such facilities, and taking responsibility for operation and maintenance.Sanitation concerns are mainly emphasized in urban and peri-urban centres and less priotised in the villages or lower communities/households. It is only under the urban and peri-urban strategies that water is directly linked to sanitation. The number of latrines at community level tend to be less as compared to size of the families needed to access them. Latrines are usually household initiatives sometimes rudimentary in nature. The water sector supply systems are relatively well developed and have mechanisms for delivery whenever necessary as compared to sanitation mostly at community level. There seems to be no well-developed mechanism for sanitation service delivery even at household level. Investment in water supply is highly priotised than sanitation.The reasons why sanitation prioritisation is not key in the water and sanitation sector is because of the difficulty of estimating the sanitation measures especially for rural sanitation where the latrines are merely rudimental with varying degrees of safety which makes it difficult to tag costs of improvements, rehabilitation or construction of such facilities including lack of political commitment to sanitation. It was therefore easy to omit household sanitation and concentrate on institutional sanitation (MWLE 2005). 5. 0Linkages OF GENDER EQUITY with PEAP Goals Gender mainstreaming and improved access to water supply has two potential benefits; improved service delivery and health. Gender equity in the sector offers better services in the management and maintenance while water-born diseases are important issues of the disease burden in Uganda.The sector goals are in line with PEAP goals as well as the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs). For example, the goals aim at the importance of gender in areas of agricultural production, legal discrimination and wood fuel, shortage of sustainable safe water supply and sanitation facilities, based on management responsibility and ownership by the users. It furthermore mentions inadequacies realised in the capacity to apply gender analysis skills, limited gender awareness among the communities, bureaucratic resistance in decision making and weak support in monitoring and supervision of sector activities as the reasons for low gender responsiveness. 6. 0Implementation ChallengesThe Poverty Eradication Action Plan identifies the importance of gender mainstreaming in all interventions which include policy planning, formulation, guiding public actions to eradic ate poverty and points out inadequacies in applying gender analysis skills, limited gender awareness among the communities, bureaucratic resistance among decision makers and weak support in supervision and monitoring. However, the importance of gender equity is not emphasised in the water and sanitation sector major implementation polices. Focus is targeted on poverty alleviation as an overall concern than gender. This limits coverage on gender issues and implementation. The insurgency in some northeast parts of the country and most especially northern Uganda, not only delays implementation, but also contributes to destruction of existing facilities. This contributes to delays in achieving the targets and the goals of the sector and PEAP.Community gender involvement, while it is a good input for environmental sustainability, remains difficult to attain. Attempts have been made to involve the men and women in planning ,maintenance of water and sanitation facilities . The methodologie s require a lot of skills and patience, qualities that are still lacking among the sub-county level civil servants. Women and the youth involvement remains limited as no major efforts have been made to involve them in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. 7. 0The way forward The paper has identified some challenges in transforming the water sector to achieve effective and sustainable services for both men and women.Issues concerning gender and their roles in development process and thus environment have not been given adequate attention by development planners. Women are now viewed as a useful resource to be integrated into development process, thus rendering the projects more efficient and successful. What is the way forward for Uganda to ensure that gender issues are mainstreamed in environment and development plans, projects and actions? 8. 0Issues to be addressed (1)Having water points nearer the homestead will reduce the distance women and girls have to walk, thu s allowing time for other activities, including training, childcare, growing food and income generation.The latter could include construction and management of water and sanitation facilities. (2)It is essential that both women and men be involved in decision making processes regarding the provision, location and technology of water and sanitation facilities in the community and household. (3)Government should also address perceived inequalities between women and men through reviewing laws and policies that discriminate against women and also urge Non Government Organisations(NGOs) and the private sector to champion women’s cause, which might increase women access to land and more decision-making powers. (4)Women groups should be accorded recognition as citizens, land holders and contributors to the development process.They need to have secure access to land and water for domestic use, in addition to productive use in farming including small scale industries. (5)Incorporate g ender analysis into all development plans, projects and actions, by encouraging the development of new skills and expertise within an Integrated Water Resources Management framework, linking social and gender aspects with the ecological, technical and economic dimensions of water management with special attention at community level. (6)The water sector should change the attitude of value system in favour of only men, and develop positive perceptions about women as competent professionals just like their male counterparts. 7)Capacity building for all women should be geared towards effective participation in local governances and sustainable development. Women politicians should be strengthened to enable them represent women interests regarding water and sanitation management and maintenance. (8)The water sector should fill all established posts equitably for better performance. It has been found that projects in which women and men have an equal say have a better chance for sustainab ility and success because they cater for the needs of every one. (9)The legislation on industrial water discharge permits be amended to require all companies / major water polluters to register for discharge permits. 10)A specific percentage of investment in water supply should be dedicated to promotion of sanitation and hygiene initiatives for the welfare of the users and protection of the environment. 9. 0Conclusion The water and sanitation sector has developed elaborate mechanisms and capacity at national, district and community levels for planning and managing sector activities which includes gender and environment issues to a large extent. However, in order to address strategic gender needs, there is a need to introduce fundamental changes in ideologies and power structures, behavioral attitudes, in government, organisations, companies and involve individuals both men and women.